Women as Political Activists during American Revolution Essay Example for Free

Ladies as Political Activists during American Revolution Essay Women’s job before American Revolution was limited to home and parenthood. Their uniqueness was unwanted in political and financial setting. They were absolutely reliant on their spouses, fathers and siblings for physical endurance and monetary security. This reality denied them of numerous open doors like proper training, world travel and social positions. Anyway during American Revolution, the need of their administration and help was unavoidable. Despite the fact that proper legislative issues did exclude ladies, their local information and conduct got accused of political criticalness. Despite the fact that ladies were not immediate members on the war zone, they despite everything made effect on the notable occasions of this period. Ladies on this time whether they were a follower, a nonpartisan or loyalist, they valiantly battled and put their families at extraordinary hazard. They couldn't stay quiet or uninvolved, which reflects extraordinary boldness. A spouse with a republican husband would help the enthusiastic reason through instructing her kids and the cutting edge as indicated by the republican qualities who battled for autonomy. Their political obstruction against the British Empire was evidently showed in their diminishing help towards British exchange and items. Ladies decided to proceed with a long convention of weaving as opposed to buying and wearing garments produced using imported British materials. Nonimportation and nonconsumption of British items became women’s significant weapons in the armory of the American opposition development against British imposing taxes without any political benefit (Faragher 2006, p. 159). Clearly ladies have been declining to purchase and expend items from British as a component of their political explanation. Purchasing American items became women’s enthusiastic signal. In addition, ladies were additionally approached to place their homes in administration through quartering American officers and permitting administrators to hold the gatherings in their homes. Many ladies filled in as medical caretakers, laundresses, cooks and allies to the male fighters in the Continental Army (Zell 1996). Their activities on the home front spared them time and soothed the officers from additional arranging and activating. This permits the men to completely focus on vanquishing the British and gaining sway and freedom. Additionally, the progressive war allowed ladies the chance to show their ability and to accept obligations that were before respected to male alone. At the point when their spouses were in battle, they were assuming responsibility for the homesteads and other wellspring of vocation of either exchange or horticulture. Unwittingly women’s social jobs and the structure of the general public were reclassified during American Revolution giving them more chances to investigate their abilities and possibilities. The insurgency for ladies made ready to know themselves all the more consequently motivated them to battle for balance as far as social jobs realizing that they can contribute something noteworthy in the general public. Moreover, the insurgency invigorated trust in correspondence and opportunity. In spite of the fact that they didn't gain full correspondence after unrest, the beliefs of autonomy propelled ladies as well as slave for balance, opportunity and freedom. Reference: Faragher, John Mack, et al. Page 159. Out of Many: A History of the American People. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Pearson Prentice Hall, 2006. Zell, Fran. A Multicultural Portrait of the American Revolution. New York: Benchmark Books. 1996.

Common Hardwood Tree Diseases - Prevention and Control

Basic Hardwood Tree Diseases - Prevention and Control Hardwood or deciduous trees can be hurt or executed by illness causing living beings called pathogens. The most widely recognized tree illnesses are brought about by organisms. Growths need chlorophyll and infer sustenance by benefiting from (parasitizing) trees. Numerous growths are tiny yet some are obvious as mushrooms or conks. Additionally, some tree illnesses are brought about by microscopic organisms and infections. Pathogens can contaminate a wide range of tree species with comparable infection side effects. These are the ones I need to address here: Fine Mildew Tree Disease Fine buildup is a typical illness that shows up as a white fine substance on the leaf surface. It assaults a wide range of trees. Trees most regularly influenced by fine mold are linden, crabapple, catalpa and chokecherry, yet practically any tree or bush can get fine buildup. Discover how to forestall and control fine mold tree ailment. Dirty Mold Tree Disease Dirty form ailment may happen on any tree yet is most usually observed on boxelder, elm, linden, and maple. The pathogens are dim organisms that develop either on the honeydew discharged by sucking creepy crawlies or on radiated material originating from leaves of specific trees. Discover how to forestall and control dingy form tree ailment. Verticillium Wilt Tree Disease A typical soil-borne infection called Verticillium alboatrum enters the tree through its underlying foundations and makes leaves shrivel. Light shaded leaves with a dull appearance are recognizable in late-spring. The leaves at that point start to drop. The risk is most prominent in exceptionally powerless trees like maple, catalpa, elm and stone natural product. Discover how to forestall and control Verticillium shrink tree sickness. Blister Tree Disease The term blister sickness is utilized to portray a slaughtered territory in the bark, the branch or the storage compartment of a contaminated tree. Many types of organisms cause infection maladies. Discover how to forestall and control ulcer tree illness. Leaf Spot Tree Disease Leaf ailment called leafspots are brought about by an assortment of growths and a few microorganisms on numerous trees. A particularly destructive form of this sickness is called anthracnose which assaults many tree species. Discover how to forestall and control leaf spot tree malady. Heart Rot Tree Disease Heart spoil malady in living trees is brought about by parasites which have entered the tree through open injuries and uncovered exposed wood. Generally a conk or mushroom fruiting body is the principal indication of disease. Every single deciduous tree can get heart decay. Discover how to forestall and control heart spoil tree malady. Root and Butt Rot Tree Disease Root and butt decay ailment is the most widely recognized malady influencing hardwoods. Numerous parasites are fit for causing root decays and some reason impressive rot of the butts of trees too. Root decays are increasingly normal on more established trees or trees which have continued root or basal injury. Discover how to forestall and control root and butt decay tree malady.

What the Rioters Are Reading This Week

What the Rioters Are Reading This Week In this feature at Book Riot, we give you a glimpse of what we are reading this very moment. Here is what the Rioters are reading today (as in literally today). This is what’s on their bedside table (or the floor, work bag, desk, whatevskis). See a Rioter who is reading your favorite book? I’ve included the link that will take you to their author archives (meaning, that magical place that organizes what they’ve written for the site). Gird your loins â€" this list combined with all of those archived posts will make your TBR list EXPLODE. We’ve shown you ours, now show us yours; let us know what you’re reading (right this very moment) in the comment section below! Jamie Canaves Auschwitz #34207: The Joe Rubinstein Story by Nancy Sprowell Geise: A devastating story, beautifully narrated, that should forever be told, known, and remembered. (audiobook) Whatever Happened to Interracial Love?: Stories by Kathleen Collins: I saw this a few months ago listed for ARC request but I passed so I could buy it when it published since I had a feeling I’d want this on my bookshelf. (Hardcover) Everything You Want Me to Be by Mindy Mejia: I don’t think a day goes by where I don’t see the cover for this book somehow so maybe the Universe is telling me to read it? It promises a twist so I’m in! (egalley) Liberty Hardy   Borne by Jeff VanderMeer (MCD, April 25): Omg, this book has broken my brain. Sentient green blobs, bears as tall as skyscrapers VanderMeers brain is a thing of beauty. (e-galley) Selection Day by Aravind Adiga (Scribner, Jan. 3): Confession: I have never read The White Tiger, Adigas prize-winning novel. (e-galley) South and West: From a Notebook by Joan Didion (Knopf, March 7): I mean, how can I not read this, right? (e-galley) Rebecca Hussey Hammer Head by Nina MacLaughlin: I’ve heard many raves about this memoir, which tells the story of how MacLaughlin trained to become a carpenter after years working as a journalist. (Hardcover) The Clothing of Books by Jhumpa Lahiri: I loved Lahiri’s previous book In Other Words and so jumped at the chance to read this short book really a long essay about the meaning and significance of book covers. (ebook) The Best American Essays 2015 by Ariel Levy, editor: I read the Best American Essays series every year, although I’ve fallen behind a bit. So far I’ve read essays by Zadie Smith and Cheryl Strayed, both superb. (Paperback) Molly Wetta The Winter Long by Seanan McGuire: Last December I binged a ton of this series about the Fae set in San Francisco, and I felt like finishing up the last few installments in this fun urban fantasy series.  (library paperback) The Hate U Give by Angie Thomas: I’ve heard nothing but good things about this YA novel inspired by the Black Lives Matter movement. (galley) Tasha Brandstatter Black Ice by Anne Stuart: A birthday present. (ebook) The Graveyard Book by Neil Gaiman: Was in the mood to listen to the Harry Potter books on audio, but didn’t have the time. This seemed like a good alternative. (audiobook) Sarah Nicolas   Witchling by Yasmine Galenorn: I’ve read so much YA lately (which I love) but wanted to get some sexy paranormal simmering, so I went to Overdrive and downloaded the first thing that caught my attention. (Though it caught my attention because I have a friend who is a huge fan of Galenorn and I’ve never read anything by her.) (library audiobook) Jessica Yang   March: Book Three by John Lewis, Andrew Aydin, Nate Powell: I picked up a preview of the series on Free Comic Book Day and knew I had to get the full thing! This definitely feels like it should be required reading in history class. (paperback comic) Ashlie Swicker   Revenge of the Evil Librarian by Michelle Knudsen: I adore the first in this (series, duology?) about high school theater, best friends, crushes, and demonic teachers. I’m so excited to see Cynthia’s story continued! THEY’RE AT THEATER CAMP, FRIENDS! (paperback galley) Jessi Lewis   The Burgess Boys  by Elizabeth Strout:  It’s holiday break and I promised myself I’d go head first into some older TBR. Three pages in and counting (ebook) LaRose by Louise Erdrich: I’ve been nursing this one because Erdrich’s writing takes some digesting for me. It’s lovely though in its harsh realities. (ebook) Casey Stepaniuk   Fans of the Impossible Life by Kate Scelsa: So technically I just finished this book, but I loooooved it, so I wanna talk about it here. Halfway through the book I realized I had never read a YA book that reminded me so powerfully of being a teenager myself. I first found out about it because a classmate in library school did a wonderful book trailer about it for our YA services class. (audiobook) Kim Ukura   It’s Ok to Laugh (Crying is Cool, Too) by Nora McInerny Purmort: Nora is the host of a new podcast, “Terrible, Thanks for Asking,” that has been giving all the feels over the last week. This book of essays is sad and funny and has made me felt less alone as I’m struggling with grief over the holiday season. (Hardcover) Erin Burba   Trainwreck: The Women We Love to Hate, Mock, and Fear… And Why by Sady Doyle: I’ve followed Doyle on Twitter for a while and stumbled across this audiobook on Scribd. Only about twenty minutes in and I already have the “amazing book” tingles. (audiobook) Negroland: A Memoir by Margo Jefferson: I loved Jefferson’s interview on Fresh Air a while back. When this book was recommended on one of my favorite podcasts recently, I knew I needed to read it. (library hardcover) Katie McLain   Annihilation by Jeff Vandermeer. I keep hearing amazing things about this super weird book, and it was available to download on audio through my library’s website. (digital audio) Labyrinth Lost by Zoraida Cordova.  This has been sitting in a stack of YA books I checked out from the library over a month ago and I’ve been meaning to read it for awhile.  Really interesting take on YA fantasy with a lot of cultural flavor.  (library hardcover) Ashley Bowen-Murphy Conviction by Julia Dahl: The third book in the Rebekah Roberts series. When  started it, I didn’t know Conviction was part of a series. Although there’s a few things I’d probably appreciate more if I’d read the first two, this book certainly stands on its own. Enjoying it so far! (e-galley) The English Agent by Phillip DePoy: Picked this up because I’m obsessed with the Voynich manuscript. A fellow Book Rioter said this new book in the series makes use of it as a plot device! (e-galley) Blood in the Water: The Attica Prison Uprising of 1971 and Its Legacy by Heather Ann Thompson: I actually started this book a few weeks ago and keep making my way through it. The book is important and the prose is approachable, I’m just struggling to process the content and the conditions that lead to the Attica uprising. (hardback) Megan Cavitt   Alexander Hamilton by Ron Chernow: My husband loves Hamilton (the musical), but he thinks I’m nuts for attempting a seven-hundred-some-page biography of the eponymous Founding Father. I think it’s my duty and my pleasure as a historian. (library hardcover) Christy Childers   Between Heaven and the Real World by Steven Curtis Chapman: Because I grew up listening to Steven Curtis Chapman, and his album Beauty Will Rise has helped me through some really tough times. (galley) Elizabeth Allen   The New Jim Crow by Michelle Alexandre.  I purchased this as part of my Fuck Donald Trump Starter Kit a few days after the election.  It’s not light reading, but it’s important reading.  (paperback) Jan Rosenberg   The Dangers of Proximal Alphabets by Kathleen Alcott. I finally got a library card. Don’t tell anyone. This is my first legit library book in far too long. (Paperback) NOS4A2e by Joe Hill. I wanted to listen to something scary on audiobook. Lots of Rioters have recommended this one. And Kate Mulgrew narrates this oneI cannot tell you how terrifying her voice can be. Also, it’s technically a holiday book! A disturbing one, at that, but it’s about a place called Christmasland! (Audiobook) Kristen McQuinn   All the Rage by Courtney Summers. Im not quite finished with this but its making me want to burn everything to the ground while sobbing and then give all the girls a big hug. A Prisoner in Malta by Phillip DePoy. Im the Rioter Ashley mentioned above who recommended The English Agent. I reviewed that book for the Historical Novel Society, fucking LOVED it, and went back to read the first in the series, which is this one. Graylings Song by Karen Cushman. I discovered this while Festivus shopping for my daughter. I bought it for a friend, and since Im an only child and not that selfless, got a copy for myself as well, and now were going to do a tandem reading of this delightful fantasy. Den of Wolves by Juliet Marillier. I have universally loved everything Marillier has ever written and even though Im like 3 pages into this one, so far thats holding true. Lucas Maxwell   Follow Me Back by Nicci Cloke. Lizzie Summersall is missing. Just before her disappearance, she’d been talking to strangers on Facebook. When Aiden Kendrick hears about it, the police are already at his door, asking questions. What was his relationship with Lizzie? Were they friends? More than friends? Did they argue? Those kinds of questions. They assure Aiden he’s not a suspect, but despite that, her disappearance is going to change him forever. This book has been really popular with the students I work with so I wanted to see what the fuss was all about, I’m really enjoying it so far. Katie McGuire   A Gentleman in Moscow by Amor Towles. I’ve had this one on my to-read list since I heard about it a few months back, and after seeing it pop up on so many best-of lists, I decided to buy myself an early Christmas present! (Hardcover) The Moneypenny Diaries by Kate Westbrook. After years of an unhealthy obsession with Sean Connery, I officially became a hardcore Bond fan just last year. And after reading a number of the Fleming novels, I’ll jump at any chance to read more about the women in Bond’s world. (Hardcover) Danika Ellis   The Impossible Will Take a Little While: Perseverance and Hope in Troubled Times edited by Paul Loeb: When the living-in-a-post-Trump-world reading lists starting coming out on Book Riot, I requested two books from the library that both bowled me over in their relevance: Parable of the Sower by Octavia Butler (already read and adored this) and The Impossible Will Take a Little While from Steph’s A Social Justice Reading List for Those Who Want To Rise Up. Each excerpt/essay is only a few pages, so despite the intensity of the subject matter, it’s not hard to read, and although it’s a decade old, it holds up very well. There are occasional references to the “current” Bush administration, but it doesn’t feel dated as a whole, and it really has given me hopepartially because it defines hope more as an all-weather, durable motivating force. (Library book) The Twelve Deaths Of Christmas by Marian Babson: I searched Hoopla for short Christmas audiobooks, and this came up, so I’m giving a shot! Only a few chapters in, and mystery isn’t a usual genre for me, so I’m reserving judgement. (Audiobook) It Had To Be You by Clare Lydon: This is a Christmas-themed lesbian novella that the author is giving away for free on her website. It has a great romantic comedy-style premise: Georgia is meeting her girlfriend’s mom for the first time on Christmasbut Georgia is the same age as Milly’s mother! How will the mom react? And then it gets delightfully dramatastic from there. As you can tell, I’m trying to squeeze in a little holiday-themed reading while I can. (eBook) Thomas Maluck   Cross Game by Mitsuru Adachi: I recently visited the Manga Museum in Kyoto, which includes a vast collection of manga in multiple languages for in-house reading. This baseball series has been on the shelf at my local library for a while, as well as my mental TBR pile. Well, now I’m hooked. What seemed on the surface to be a late 80s/early 90s era shonen sports manga is actually a tender-hearted coming-of-age story that ran from 2005-2010. (paperback) The Drifting Classroom by Kazuo Umezu: This is another long-TBR series that Kyoto’s Manga Museum spurred me into finally reading. I bought the whole series for Nook during a digital Viz sale a couple years ago and am only now coming around to Umezu’s otherworldly terrors and the middle school forced to endure them. Umezu is adept at turning his plots on a dime, so I’m prepared for something freaky to happen with every page turn. (ebook) Amanda Kay Oaks   Superfandom by Zoe Fraade-Blanar: I saw this book up for request on NetGalley and it sounded interesting. Its a Nonfiction study of fandom and what it means, how it develops, etc. I am learning a lot of interesting stuff so far from this one! (eGalley) Junkette by Sarah Shotland: This is a novel written by one of my graduate professors, so I thought I would check it out. Its about a drug addict living in New Orleans but aspiring to escape. Im not too far in yet, but am enjoying being sad so far. Maddie Rodriguez   This Wicked Gift by Courtney Milan: Because you can never have too many holiday romances to get you in the Christmas spirit …. (ebook) Three Dark Crowns by Kendare Blake: … but also because sometimes you need a little darkness (murderous rival queens, poisoning, anyone?) to balance all that sweetness and light. I have heard great things about this one and I’m excited to dig in. (ebook) Chelsea Hensley   Caraval by Stephanie Garner: This is one of the books Ive been most excited about for 2017 so imagine my surprise when an ARC showed up at work and my boss said I could read it. Ive only just started but I love everything about it. (ARC) Derek Attig Anicllary Justice by Ann Leckie: I saw Leckie tweet about the relationship between politics and storytelling, and it inspired me to pick this one up off the TBR pile. (ebook) The Mother of All Questions by Rebecca Solnit: What we need right now is more Solnit. Much, much more Solnit. (galley)

What Is the Columbian Exchange - 604 Words

The question that is foremost in our minds is â€Å"What is the Columbian Exchange†? A historian named Alfred Crosby describes this Columbian Exchange as the exchange of plants, animals, and diseases between the Old World and the Americas after the arrival of Columbus’s arrival in the Caribbean in 1492 It has been said that due to lack of human control during this evolutionary time in history of the continents, the Columbian Exchange greatly benefited the people of Europe and their colonies, but brought catastrophe to Native Americans. If someone does not understand the Columbian Exchange, one cannot truly understand the forces that shape the world we live in today. One cannot understand why you speak the language you speak, nor why you live in the nation you live in, or even why one speaks the language they speak, nor why you live in the nation you presently live in, let alone why you eat the food you consume. Many of their plants were transported on purpose, while ot hers were transported by someone who had gotten a taste of the plants, so he brought many plants with him. Many of the new plants were accepted, while others were rejected upon their arrival in Europe, such as the tomato, potato, and chili peppers. The tale was they had been cursed by some witches. The â€Å"Columbian Exchange† is recognized as historian interchange of plants. This name describes the exchange of plants, animals and unfortunately diseases between the Old World and the Americans following Columbus’sShow MoreRelatedWhat Was The Columbian Exchange? Essay1618 Words   |  7 Pagesresult of this was The Columbian Exchange in which there was a large trade of animals, plants, technology, culture, slaves, diseases, and even new religions. This exchange effected the way Europeans, Americans, Asians, and Africans lived their daily lives. The Columbian exchange was by far one of the most paramount events in the history of world technology, agriculture, culture, and ecology. In this research paper the following will be answered: What is the Columbian Exchange? Plants and animals transportedRead MoreThe Positive Effects Of The Columbian Exchange1051 Words   |  5 PagesThe Columbian Exchange The Columbian Exchange was the transfer of plants, animals, human populations, diseases, cultures, and ideas throughout the world. The new worlds that had been discovered were a part of this Columbian Exchange, and were exposed to many new and foreign goods as well as people. The Americas, or New World, were faced with harsh treatment from Columbus and his crew, along with the rampant spread of new diseases that took a large toll on the Native populations. The Indies were alsoRead MoreAmerica Before Columbus And The Columbian Exchange1597 Words   |  7 PagesAmerica, we often take for granted the natural world that surrounds us and the American culture which is built upon it. For many of us, we give little thought to the food sources that sustain and natural habitats that surround us because when viewed for what they are, most people assume that they have â€Å"simply existed† since the country was founded. However, the documentary ‘America Before Columbus’ pro vided this writer an extremely interesting record of how the America we know came to exist. In the documentaryRead MoreImpact Of The Columbian Exchange909 Words   |  4 PagesThe Columbian Exchange was an event that was very impactful on modern day. The Columbian Exchange was the widespread trade of plants, animals, guns, and diseases. It occured between the Americas, Africa, and Europe. Examples of products that the Americas contributed are turkey, squash, and potatoes. Examples of products that Europe contributed are horses, sugar, and smallpox. Columbian exchange was a huge impact on our modern day world because it changed war and hunting, it introduced new ingredientsRead MoreThe Positive Effects Of The Columbian Exchange1643 Words   |  7 PagesThe term â€Å"Columbian Exchange† refers to the massive transfer of life between the Afro-Eurasian and American hemispheres that was precipitated by Columbus’ voyage to the New World . It was known as the widespread interchange of plants, animals, diseases, culture, human populations and technology between Europe and the Americas. After Columbus’ arrival to the Americas, the plant, animal and bacterial life began to mix between the Americas, which was also referred to as the â€Å"New World† and Europe,Read MoreThe Cultural Impacts Of The Columbian Exchange775 Words   |  4 PagesThe Columbian Exchange By definition, the Columbian Exchange is described as the transatlantic flow of goods, people, and diseases, beginning with Christopher Columbus’s voyages and discovery of the New World in 1492. (Give Me Liberty!) This interpretation, however, does not give this event the acknowledgement it deserves, as the effects of this complex transaction made a significant impact of the modern history of the world. It completely shaped the world humans live in today, from the languagesRead MorePositive Effects Of The Columbian Exchange703 Words   |  3 Pagesthe time period known as the Columbian Exchange. Most of what the Europeans took from the Exchange was good, but some of what they brought was devastating to the people in the New World. Although, this time period was very brutal for the Native Americans, the Columbian Exchange resulted in the transmitting of new technologies, an increase in remedies and cures for diseases, and a growth in resources such as food that helped to impr ove life. During the Columbian Exchange there were civilizations thatRead MoreThe Columbian Exchange Statistics782 Words   |  4 PagesThe Columbian Exchange Statistics By the Numbers Estimated population of Europe in 1492: about 60 million Estimated population of the Americas in 1492: 40-100 million Estimated population of Europe in 1800: 150 million Estimated population of the Americas in 1800: 25 million (the vast majority of whom were of European or African descent) Major domesticated animals in the New World in 1492: dog, llama Major domesticated animals in the Old World in 1492: horse, cow, pig, sheep, goat, chickenRead MoreThe Term Effects Of The Columbian Exchange On The Old World712 Words   |  3 PagesWhen people think of the Columbian Exchange they remember all of the great things such as the exchange of goods that we cherish today. Things such as crops, ideas, and animals between the Old World(Afro-Eurasia) and the New World(The Americas) that helped to cultivate the world we live in today.But at what price did this diffusion of goods cost? Although the Columbian Exchange brought the goods we value today such as animals, plants, and the exchange of ideas, It would also bring long term effectsRead MoreHow the Columbian Exchange Changed Our World Forever810 Words   |  3 Pagesbeen brought to our regions. After this discovery, the Columbian exchange started: products were transported from the New World to the Old World and vice versa. This exchange had an enormous influence on the world: without th e Columbian exchange, the world would not be the same as the one we know today. In his essay, Charles C. Mann (2007) called the exchange the most important event after the death of the dinosaurs. Firstly, the Columbian exchange dramatically transformed the American ecological environment

Identifying the Most Common North American Conifers

Conifers are commonly thought to be synonymous with evergreen trees, which stay green through the year. However, not all conifers—also known as softwoods—remain green and with needles year-round. They are actually scientifically classed by how they fruit. They are gymnosperms or plants with naked seeds not enclosed in an ovary; these seed fruits called cones are considered more primitive than hardwood fruiting parts. General Guidelines for Broad Identification Though conifers may or may not lose their needles annually, most are indeed evergreen. Trees of this classification have needle-like or scale-like foliage and usually renew many leaves annually but  dont renew all of their leaves every year. The foliage is usually narrow and manifests in either sharp-pointed needles or small and scale-like leaves. Although  studying the needle is the best way to identify a conifer, conifers as a class are defined not by their leaves but by their seeds, so its only important to note the shape and size of leaves after determining whether it is a conifer by the shape, size, and type of seed the tree produces. Softwood trees  include pine, spruces, firs, and cedars, but dont let that alternative name for conifers fool you. Wood hardness varies among the conifer species, and some softwoods are actually harder than some hardwoods. The Many Types of Coniferous Leaves While all trees that bear cones are coniferous, and many of these cones are remarkably different from other species cones, often times the best way to identify the specific genus of a tree is by observing its leaves. Coniferous trees can produce two types of leaves with a variety of slight alterations that further define the tree type. If a tree has needle-like (as opposed to scale-like) leaves, it can then be further defined by how those needles are grouped (singularly or alone), how they are shaped (flattened or four-sided and sharp), the types of stems these leaves are attached to (brown or green), and if the leaves invert or not. Other Ways to Identify Conifers From there, the way the cone or seed is shaped and the way it hangs on the tree (sticking up or handing down), the smell and largeness of individual needles, and the erectness of branches in the tree can also help determine what specific type of conifer a tree is. Chances are ​if a tree has any of these features at all it is a conifer, especially if the tree also bears cone-like seeds. The Most Common Conifer Trees in North America Three of the most common conifers that grow in North America are pine, fir, and spruce trees. The Latin word conifer means to bear cones, and most but not all conifers have cones; junipers and yews, though, produce berry-like fruit. Conifers are among the smallest, largest, and oldest living woody plants known in the world. The more than 500 conifer species are distributed worldwide and are invaluable for their timber but also adapt well to the landscape; there are 200 conifer species in North America, but the most common are listed here: Bald cypress—Genus  TaxodiumCedar—Genus CedrusDouglas fir—Genus  PseudotsugaTrue fir—Genus AbiesHemlock—Genus TsugaLarch—Genus LarixPine—Genus  PinusRedwood—Genus SequoiaSpruce—Genus Picea

My own experiences of education education essay Free Essays

Paideias doctrine is based on the belief that schools can be informal and individualised, yet still educate good. ( Paideia School ) How does this comparison with my ain doctrine about Mathematicss? This has decidedly changed and I believe for my ain good. Previous instruction experiences left me really disillusioned, I wanted to alter my sentiments and beliefs, travel frontward, and enable others to alter their doctrines about mathematics every bit good. We will write a custom essay sample on My own experiences of education education essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now Some people look upon mathematics as a tabu topic, and we, as instructors, need to guarantee that everyone has chances opened to them to heighten and promote their ain academic acquisition. We need to guarantee that student ‘s acquisition is individualised and that their experiences within the schoolroom are gratifying, motivational yet disputing. Mike Ollerton ( 2009, page 4 ) suggests that ‘The more confident any pupil becomes, the more competent they become. Achievement strains assurance, assurance strains competency and competency causes enjoyment ‘ . So what do I believe mathematics is? Mathematicss for me is an international linguistic communication, which describes, analyses and alterations everything. It consists of a monolithic set of tools and we need to work out which tool to utilize when using or work outing mathematics. We learn new accomplishments and must guarantee we can utilize and use them, by being able to make this makes us more competent to get by with day-to-day life. My ain experiences of instruction connect really much to the information given in the Cockcroft Report ( 1982, chapter 9 ) , which states expressed information on the instruction system of that peculiar epoch. However, the Smith Report ( 2004 ) ( Chapter 3, pages 53- 55 ) identifies the current mathematics tracts for the National Curriculum ( pre-16 ) . This gives a more appropriate portraiture of the National Curriculum, which is loosely used, within schools in the United Kingdom. Education throughout my ain life-time has greatly altered, so how has this affected my ain acquisition, my teaching method? Capable Knowledge is really of import for a trainee instructor because you need to understand the topic and you need to be able to convey it to pupils to guarantee they can understand and construe it to the full to increase their learning capablenesss. My ain capable cognition is continuously altering and progressing, learning a subject allows oneself to better and escalate the techniques for learning a assortment of subjects and of the assorted ways, those students are able to entree their acquisition. In 1986, Shulman introduced the phrase pedagogical content cognition. In his theoretical model, he states: ‘Teachers need to get the hang two types of cognition ( a ) content which is besides known as â€Å" deep † cognition of the topic itself, and ( B ) cognition of the curricular development ‘ . However, why is capable cognition so of import? ‘Teachers who have effectual capable expertness cognize how to construction larning in ways that allow students to link seemingly different subjects, and construct on their earlier acquisition ‘ . ( OFSTED, 2008 ) To guarantee my ain capable cognition continues to better I utilize the National Centre for Excellence in the Teaching of Mathematics ( NCETM ) . Using the NCETM enables me to go on bettering my ain teaching method and my professional development, which so ensures that I can dispute and reassure students that they can make their ain academic potency every bit good. The Department for Education ( DfE ) ] set up the National CentreA in response to Professor Adrian Smith ‘s study Making Mathematics Count, ( 2004 ) . How can I guarantee that students and I work collaboratively to heighten their academic larning possible? On my first arrangement I wanted the students to work together in braces or groups ; this is something that had non antecedently been apparent and met with ill will from the students because it was something different. ‘There is now general understanding in research that concerted little group work has positive effects on both societal accomplishments and mathematics larning ‘ . ( Standard ‘s Unit, 2005, by Malcolm Swan ) However, this attack needed more practise and I needed to guarantee the mixture of the group would be able to work together. Once the students were more comfy about working in braces, I was so able to put them in specific groups and this encouraged them to work more collaboratively with different students and non experience uncomfortable or embarrassed about giving their positions or replies. The groups became supportive and were able to develop their ain cognition and understanding even further. To promote collaborative working amongst equals and other learning staff ensures sharing of resources, lesson programs and different schemes, which work with different twelvemonth or twelvemonth groups. Bing able to interchange thoughts and different instruction manners improves larning outlooks for both staff and pupils. Within the attack for coaction, I feel that the usage of staging is an country that worked non merely between the students and me but besides with the more able students and those with lower abilities. Originally introduced in the 1950 ‘s by Constructivist Jerome Bruner, nevertheless Vygotsky used a similar thought that larning depended on the zone of proximal development ( ZPD ) , in which he defined: â€Å" The distance between the existent developmental degree as determined by independent problem-solving and the degree of possible development as determined through problem-solving under grownup counsel, or in coaction with more capable equals. â€Å" ( Vygotsky, 1978 ) In my first arrangement, I used scaffolding to back up larning but I besides found that by lumping certain spots of information the students were better able to retain the information. Why is this? George A Miller ( 1956 ) produced landmark work on the short-run memory. He proposed that: ‘Information is organized into units or â€Å" balls † , and the restrictions on short term memory apply to the figure of balls an person can keep in consciousness at one clip. Balls can hold variable size, and the figure of balls worlds can keep in short-run memory is 7 + 2 ‘ . ( Miller, 1956 ) Another larning theory that I connect with and utilize regularly is that of positive support ( B. F. Skinner, 1971 – Operant conditioning ) , I find that utilizing positive reinforcing stimuluss for illustration spines, raffle tickets improves non merely the student ‘s behavior but besides increases their motivational accomplishments. Skinner suggests that: ‘A reinforcing stimulus is anything that strengthens the coveted response. It could be verbal congratulations, a good class or a feeling of increased achievement or satisfaction ‘ . Learning mathematics can happen in a assortment of different state of affairss. What is most of import is that the student uses a method that works for them and instructors are cognizant of a assortment of different methods to guarantee pupils are accomplishing their full academic potency. Presently, I am experimenting with different starting motor activities and plenaries. At arrangement one, I experimented with rich activities that I produced, tarzia mystifiers ; loop cards and mini-whiteboards because the pupils were non familiar with them, by presenting these different facets easy allowed me to allow the students extend/further their ain acquisition comfortably without experiencing over challenged. I feel that the starter gets the students in the temper for larning – by giving them a assortment of disputing activities gets them believing about the mathematics involved in the undertakings. My plenaries combine to demo how the students have understood the work covered in category and how it links to the acquisition objectives/outcomes for the lesson. ‘Effective instructors make good usage of starting motors and plenaries in the context of synergistic whole-class instruction to prosecute all students in constructive deep acquisition ‘ . ( Department for Education and Skills, Sept 2004 ) Another country that I have been experimenting with is my oppugning techniques. I have besides found Bloom ‘s taxonomy utile in be aftering aims for lessons in my 2nd arrangement and for progressively ambitious inquiries utilizing the cognitive aims. Why is this? ‘You can utilize the stairss in the taxonomy to assist program aims for lessons over a period of clip to guarantee that lessons are doing progressively disputing cognitive demands on students. You can besides utilize them to be after sequences of inquiries in a lesson. By sequencing inquiries in this manner, you can assist pupils to intensify their apprehension, to develop their thought accomplishments and for them to go more effectual scholars ‘ . ( Department for Education and Skills, 2004 ) Another country for experimentation has been the account of rules. By detecting a assortment of different learning staff, I can place and larn how to near different subjects particularly the higher-level work. Within this subdivision, I feel that I am manner out of my comfort zone but I need to dispute this and guarantee that I improve my capable cognition. I do non believe that I will of all time halt larning different facets of mathematics nevertheless, by taking portion in excess observations ; I am able to travel off from my comfort zone and widen my ain acquisition and apprehension. I am able to detect how to explicate cardinal constructs and the alterations needed in accounts for the students of different abilities. What or who is informing my ain pattern? I have found that the people who have influenced my instruction pattern are chiefly the wise mans both at University and at the schools. The constructive feedback from lesson observations is priceless and enables oneself to set their ain pattern to integrate new thoughts and schemes. By being able to detect a assortment of different learning staff, I am able to derive greater accomplishments and attitudes on how to near new subjects, behaviour direction and schemes to get by with ‘the bad lesson experience ‘ . Another good beginning towards informing my pattern has been the Schemes of Work related to different scrutiny boards. My first arrangement covered the AQA course of study, the system was good prepared and set up. However, my 2nd arrangement uses the Kangaroo Maths course of study for KS3 students and a assortment of OCR course of studies covering the additive and modular test boards for the KS4 students. My utilizations of different instruction manners are besides developing within my instruction repertory. I like to guarantee that my lessons incorporate different facets of the Visual, Auditory, Kinaesthetic and Tactile manners to guarantee that all students are able to entree relevant information in their ain preferable acquisition manner guaranting that Every Child does Matter. Psychologists and learning specializers foremost developed the VAK construct, theory and methods in the 1920 ‘s. Howard Gardner ( 1983 ) suggests that: ‘The VAK theoretical account provides a different position for understanding and explicating a individual ‘s preferred or dominant thought and acquisition manner, and strengths ‘ . So what about the hereafter of mathematics and ICT? British Educational and Communications Technology Association ( BECTA ) , now axed under the new authorities, was one of the chief thrusts into acquiring computing machines into school. BECTA ran Home Access, the former Labour authorities ‘s strategy to bridge the â€Å" digital divide † by guaranting all kids have a computing machine at place particularly amongst the poorest households in the United Kingdom. ( BECTA, 2010 ) A SecEd symposium held in March 2010 stated that: ‘Students today are turning up in a digital age, pass oning and larning via engineering now more than of all time earlier. To fix pupils for future success, schools are encompassing engineering to heighten the instruction and larning experience and transform educationaˆÂ ¦to genuinely transform acquisition schools must incorporate engineering tools that can broaden the instruction experience and link the schoolroom with the twenty-first century ‘ . Within my first arrangement, the school used ‘Mathswatch ‘ as a resource to utilize in lessons and at place by the students. I was besides able to utilize the artworks reckoners to assist pupils recognize and place different facets of graphical work. This was really good for the students and they enjoyed utilizing them. My 2nd arrangement, is a Technology College, where ICT is far more extended. Synergistic whiteboards are in all schoolrooms, ICT is a separate section as recommended in the Smith Report 2004. The usage of Mymaths enables prep to be utilized as a resource that gives instant appraisal. This is another country of experimentation for me, being able to put prep utilizing ICT and acquiring instant accessible consequences, this could be utile when composing studies and roll uping spreadsheets of the student ‘s assessment consequences. The Smith Report ( 2004 ) recognises the relevancy of mathematics to everyone and I feel stresses the importance of why mathematics still deserves its topographic point in the school course of study: â€Å" It is importance for its ain interest, as an rational subject ; for the cognition economic system ; for scientific discipline, engineering and technology ; for the workplace ; and for the single citizen. ( Chapter 1, page 3, point 0.12 ) This point emphasises the value of mathematics within assorted different facets of mundane life. We need to guarantee that students leave school with the appropriate mathematical accomplishments that will enable them to get by in their hereafter callings. My concluding point comes from a rabbinical expression: ‘Do n’t restrict a kid to your ain acquisition, for that kid was born in another clip. ‘ Word count ( 2155 ) Mentions: BECTA, 2010, ICT, ( online ) , from: webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/ †¦ /http: /www.becta.org.uk, accessed 11/04/2011 Cockcroft Report, 1982, Mathematics Counts, ( online ) , from: www.educationengland.org.uk/ †¦ /cockcroft/cockcroft00.html, accessed 11/04/2011. Department for Education and Skills, 2004, Pedagogy and Practice: Teaching and Learning in Secondary Schools – Unit of measurement 5: Starters and Plenaries ( online ) , available at: www.standards.dfes.gov.uk, [ Accessed on 11/04/2011 ] . Department for Education and Skills, 2004, Pedagogy and Practice: Teaching and Learning in Secondary Schools – Unit of measurement 7: Questioning, ( online ) , available at: www.standards.dfes.gov.uk, [ Accessed on 11/04/2011 ] . Gardner, H. , 1983, The Multiple Intelligences Concepts and VAK acquisition manners, ( online ) , from: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.businessballs.com/howardgardnermultipleintelligences.htm, accessed on 11/04/2011 Miller, G.A. , ( 1956 ) , Short-run memory and VAK construct, from: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.lifecircles-inc.com/Learningtheories/IP/GAMiller.html, accessed on 11/04/2011. Ofsted, 2008, Mathematicss: Understanding the Mark, ( online ) , from: www.ofsted.gov.uk, accessed 11/04/2011. Ollerton, M, 2009, Mathematics Teacher ‘s Handbook, Continuum International Publishing Group, London. Paideia Schools, nd, Paideia Schools, ( online ) , available at: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.paideaischool.org/ , accessed 01/04/2011. Sec. Ed. , 2010, ICT and the Future of Education, ( online ) , from: www.sec-ed.co.uk/cgi-bin/go.pl/article/article.html, accessed 11/04/2011 Skinner. B.F. , 1971, Operant Conditioning – Positive Supports, ( online ) , from: hypertext transfer protocol: //tip.psychology.org/skinner.html- , accessed on 11/04/2011. Smith Report, 2004, Making Mathematicss Count – The study of Professor Adrian Smith ‘s Inquiry into Post-14 Mathematics Education, ( online ) , from: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.mathsinquiry.org.uk/report/MathsInquiryFinalReport.pdf, accessed 11/04/2011. Swan. M. , 2005, Standard ‘s Unit – Bettering acquisition in mathematics, ( online ) , from hypertext transfer protocol: //www.ncetm.org.uk/public/ †¦ /improving_learning_in_mathematicsi.pdf, accessed 11/04/2011. Teacher ‘s In-Depth Content Knowledge, nd, Shulman, from hypertext transfer protocol: //ww.intime.uni.edu/model/teacher/teac2summary.html, accessed on 11/04/2011 The National Centre for Excellence in the Teaching of Mathematics, 2010, NCETM, ( online ) , from: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.ncetm.org.uk, accessed 11/04/2011. Vygotsky. L. , 1978, Zone of proximal development, ( online ) , from: www.simplypsychology.org/vygotsky78.pdf – United States, accessed on 11/04/2011. How to cite My own experiences of education education essay, Essay examples

Speech Codes On College Campuses Essay Research free essay sample

Speech Codes On College Campuses Essay, Research Paper # 8220 ; Congress shall do no jurisprudence esteeming an constitution of faith, or forbiding the free exercising thereof ; or foreshortening the freedom of address, of the imperativeness ; or the right of the people pacifically to piece, and to petition the authorities for the damages of grievances. # 8221 ; This is the First amendment, perchance the most powerful words in American history because it guarantees American citizens their natural rights, under the supreme jurisprudence of the land. Our First amendment gives us the freedom of faith, peaceable assembly, address and imperativeness. With this simple amendment, # 8220 ; people can talk their innermost ideas without fright or shame # 8221 ; ( Hemmer 2 ) . But, what if this glorious right causes other people fear or dishonor? The Constitution limits how public universities and colleges may penalize pupils for what they say ( Burns et. Al. 75 ) . As a broad and a political scientific discipline major, I believe to the full i n our constitutional rights. We will write a custom essay sample on Speech Codes On College Campuses Essay Research or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page I believe # 8220 ; free address is indispensable in the hunt for truth # 8221 ; ( Hemmer 2 ) . Although after reading Nat Hentoff # 8217 ; s essay # 8220 ; Speech Codes on the Campus and the Problems of Free Speech, # 8221 ; I have begun to inquire, like so many others, is # 8220 ; censoring is O.K. provided your motivations are all right # 8221 ; ( Hirschberg 283 ) . Without address codifications on college campuses, minorities, adult females, and homosexuals have been at the having terminal of changeless torment. Before doing the opinion of whether or non at that place should non be speech codifications on college campuses, I need to inquire a couple inquiries. Why is free address so of import on college campuses? Free address is so of import because universities thrive on a changeless discourse of opposing thoughts. I, like many other college pupils, have learned more from my fellow pupils than I have from any of my teachers. Our society and, in peculiar, higher instruction has flourished because free address # 8220 ; produces an ambiance where new thoughts invariably challenge older 1s # 8221 ; ( Hemmer 2 ) . The singularity of universities is that they provide an ocean of thoughts, synchronized and conflicting. # 8220 ; Free address is non merely the personal right of persons to hold their say ; it is besides the right of the remainder of us to hear them, # 8221 ; and react to them ( Burns et al. 72 ) . As a pupil, a citizen, and a adult female, it is my right to portion thoughts. I want the right to go educated with the aid of other people # 8217 ; s thoughts, but I won # 8217 ; T use my right to liberate address to deliberately h arm anyone else. Unfortunately, non everyone else thinks this manner. Some pupils take advantage of their First Amendment right and utilize it to harm others. These pupils are the ground why the Supreme Court and many university boards across the state are debating address codifications. Speech codifications arose in the late 1980 # 8217 ; s when most campuses around the state had already been diversified. Students found themselves sharing categories, residence halls and activities with many people who differed from them in race, faith, sexual orientation, socio-economic category and ethnicity. Unfortunately, this diverseness besides produced incidents where pupils and module expressed personal biass openly. Equally shortly as instances of verbal torment started doing their manner into the tribunals and onto newspaper pages, college decision makers started to invent ways to set a halt to the contention. A simple solution was speech codifications, but are they Constitutional ( Golding 5 ) ? In the terminal, the solution was non that simple. Since the chief rule of the First Amendment applies straight to public establishments, it has been hard for many universities to go through address codifications and still remain constitutional ( Golding 3 ) . Since the lone address that is non protected by the Constitution is obscene address and terrorist onslaughts, college decision makers came up with three basic theoretical accounts of codifications: the emotional hurt theory, the nondiscrimination/harassment option and the # 8220 ; contending words # 8221 ; attack. The University of Texas at Austin made racial torment punishable by suspension or ejection. They defined racial torment as # 8220 ; extreme or hideous Acts of the Apostless or communications that are intended to hassle, intimidate or mortify a pupil on history of race, colour or national beginning that unreasonably cause them to endure terrible emotional emphasis # 8221 ; ( Golding 2 ) . The University of Massachu setts instated another codification that is more normally used. This codification makes any signifier of verbal or physical torment punishable. A group or single violates the codification if they # 8220 ; ? Kdiscriminatorily alters the conditions for engagement in the activities of the university, on the footing of race, colour, and national or cultural beginning # 8221 ; ( Golding 2 ) . The # 8220 ; contending words # 8221 ; attack has been used at many universities, but the first was the University of California. Contending words are # 8220 ; ? Kpersonally opprobrious names inherently likely to arouse a violent reaction. # 8221 ; Making a # 8220 ; hostile or intimidating educational environment # 8221 ; besides constitutes torment ( Golding 2 ) . This attack, when used to protect a specific person, is normally the best pick. It has been noted and used by the authorities to seek and # 8220 ; ? Kpunish certain chiseled and narrowly limited categories of address that by thei r very utterance inflict hurt or be given to motivate an immediate breach of peace # 8221 ; ( Burns 83 ) . Even with these codifications in topographic point on many campuses around the state and with the many protagonists of address codifications, they have many more oppositions. The Supreme Court has systematically ruled against address codifications. In the United States v. Eichman, Justice Brennan of the Supreme Court said, # 8220 ; If there is a bedrock chief underlying the First Amendment, it is that the Government may non forbid the look of an thought merely because society finds the thought offense or disagreeable. # 8221 ; ? x This instance did non straight refer to free address but it does put down precisely how the Supreme Court views freedom of look and the First Amendment. Even though the First Amendment clearly denies Congress the privile Ge to go through a jurisprudence foreshortening freedom of address, our rights are slightly limited. As citizens, we have the right to beliefs, action and address, but these rights are all regulated otherwise. The authorities does non hold the power to penalize a individual for their beliefs, no affair what they are. Action on the other manus, is wholly different. We have the right to take action, but that right Michigans when the action is? ? set downing a fist at another’s nose.’ Where to pull the regulative line on both of these rights is clear. The line gets fuzzy when you exercise your right of address. Speech stands someplace â€Å"between belief and action† ( Burns et al. 73 ) . Unprotected address is libel, lewdness, erotica, contending words and incendiary address. Even with the contention of what falls into this class and what does non, if a pupil is non separately singled out and harassed, they have no instance. Normally, the victim is protected if the ir name is used in concurrence of aggressive, harmful or racially stimulating address or imperativeness. For illustration, a group of adult females in a feminist art category distributed postings with the names of 50 work forces, chosen at random from a directory, under the header, â€Å"Notice: These work forces are possible rapists† ( Golding 6 ) . If any of the work forces would hold decided to take legal action against the adult females, they would hold had a really good instance since their names were given without any cogent evidence of what was being said was true. In Nina Wu’s instance, the state of affairs was much different. Wu, a pupil at the University of Connecticut was charged with go againsting the pupil behaviour codification. The behavior codification prohibits â€Å"posting or publicizing publically violative, indecorous, or opprobrious affair refering persons.† She posted a streamer on her residence hall room door naming â€Å"people who shou ld be shot on sight† so listed â€Å"preppies, bimboes, work forces without chest hair, and homosexuals.† Wu was ordered by the university disposal to travel off of campus, but was allowed to return when a federal case was issued. It is difficult to pull the line on this instance, it is someplace between address and behavior, someplace in the grey country. The case was dropped, and Nina Wu was allowed back onto campus ( Dority ) . Unless the address of a pupil is clearly categorized under nonprotected address, it is legal. The Supreme Court recognizes this, and by the power of the Constitution, it has ruled against address codifications, once more and once more. But, the Supreme Court is non the lone force against address codifications. Even though address codifications have many advocators, including disposal, politicians, pupils and parents, there is still a force to be reckoned with. At the national board argument of the American Civil Liberties Union, Gwen Thomas, a black decision maker from Colorado, was the first talker. She started by stating ; # 8221 ; I have ever felt as a minority individual we have to protect the rights of all because if we infringe on the rights of any individuals, we # 8217 ; ll be next. # 8221 ; She went on to state, # 8221 ; As for supplying a non-intimidating educational environment, our immature people have to larn to turn up on college campuses. We have to learn them how to cover with adversarial state of affairss. They have to larn how to last violative address that they find injuring or hurtful # 8221 ; ( Hirschberg, 288 ) . I couldn # 8217 ; Ts have said it any better myself. Speech codifications have become a recreation of the existent job. Colleges, and society, should be looking to work out the existent societal issue at the root of intolerance. The existent societal issue is a deep current of racism, sexism and homophobia that has run through our history, passed through households, taught in our schools and even preached in our churches for many old ages. The fact that we can non make this overnight leaves us with the job of free address and the hunt for a speedy hole. The truth is, there is no speedy hole to this type of social depression. Whatever that solution will be, it will no doubt get down with instruction. We will neer genuinely win in educating the heads of the ignorant by protecting them. I have to hold with Gwen Thomas for two grounds. I agree because people learn from the state of affairss on college campuses how to cover with their work, household and personal lives, and because college pupils are non kids, they do non necessitate protec tion from things that they will hold to populate with subsequently on in life. Trying to protect immature grownups from the truth of the universe will stop up aching them more. Alternatively of dissembling the thoughts and beliefs of pupils with address codifications, we should allow them see the cat have oning the sweatshirt that says, # 8220 ; Fuck Women. # 8221 ; Students need to see the mark that says # 8220 ; Homophobia Sucks # 8221 ; ( Golding 6 ) . Merely because the mark is up or the words are said doesn # 8217 ; t intend that anyone has to read or hear them, but if they learn in college that these sentiments are out at that place, they will larn how to cover with them subsequently in life. If pupils learn to read these messages and non allow them consequence them, they will be more witting to what their personal sentiments are, and it will make a more tolerant society. With the Torahs that are in topographic point against torment, contending words and non-protected add ress, most of the address jobs can be dealt with, without a address codification. The First Amendment makes address codifications unconstitutional. Even with all of the incidents that have triggered address codifications, that is the bottom line. It is every pupils right to freely talk their heads and portion their thoughts, this right would be taken away with speech codifications. As American citizens, whether we are on a college campus or on a street corner, we need to exert and protect our constitutional rights. Students should non be denied their right to freedom of look merely because it might pique person. With the established fact that no 1 has the right to # 8220 ; foreshorten the freedom or address, # 8221 ; all pupils should stand up and actively battle for their right to? ? Lashkar-e-Taiba freedom ring. # 8217 ; Every pupil should cognize, the minute we stop exerting our Constitutional rights is the minute our freedom ends.

Plagiarism Definition and Effects

One definition of plagiarism as offered by one web article quotes â€Å"plagiarize means to steal and pass off either ideas or words of another as one’s own. It is the use of another’s production without crediting the source and the committing of literal theft.† (What Is Plagiarism?).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Plagiarism Definition and Effects specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Many individuals view the topic of plagiarism as basic ‘copying and pasting’, which masks the reality of such a serious and prosecutable offense. Considering the nature of how such an act is committed, it has common occurrences; a vast amount being in schools, the music industry and even the workplace. There has been a rapid increase in the amount of plagiarism cases reported in schools recently, which is believed to have doubled compared to two years ago. The issue of cheating has caused a majority of schools to start utilizing plagiarism-detection software to catch up with students. (Williams). Despite having such software, some very tech savvy students still manage to evade detection. The occurrence of plagiarism in schools has significant effects on Education which may include; loss of a degree or job and poor critical thinking skills. Once plagiarized work is passed on as original, the student stands a great chance to lose their degrees and in addition to that, they develop a poor ability to engage in critical thinking which is important in being an individual. (Hall) Plagiarism in the workplace or professional plagiarism is common mainly in industries like marketing or any other that involves drawing, writing, taking pictures or just creative thinking. An example of such an incident took place at the Researcher’s place of work. The Researcher once explained a method of solution to her boss; her boss then relayed the information to her immediate superior and took cred it for it. In other words, this incident adequately defines the topic of plagiarism. Plagiarism in Music probably has the second highest number of occurrences behind Education. There have been numerous reports of celeb singers who have been accused of and prosecuted for plagiarism in their music. Lady Gaga who is a very popular pop singer was recently accused for plagiarism in her new hit single ‘Judas’ by singer/songwriter Rebecca Francesscatti. Francesscatti claims Gaga copied portions from her music and is now seeking recognition for her creation and an undisclosed amount in damages. (Lund) Whether intentional or unintentional, ‘Plagiarism’ is a prosecutable crime which occurs often in varying environments. As the saying goes â€Å"prevention is better than cure†, it is better to try and prevent committing such an act than to deal with the consequences. There are a number of measures one may take to prevent plagiarism.Advertising Looking for essay on education? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More For individuals particularly involved in education, it is imperative that you know how to paraphrase, quote and cite sources properly. Once you know how to do that, you have significantly lowered your chances of such occurrences. In addition to that, there is a vast amount of software that helps you to correctly cite your sources and check for plagiarism. Furthermore, the Researcher believes that once an individual understands the concept of plagiarism and how unethical it is, they will try harder to produce an original paper. Works Cited Hall, Shane. â€Å"Effects of Plagiarism on Education† ehow.com. n.d. Web. Lund, Anthony. â€Å"Lady Gaga Faces Judas Plagiarism Claims†. Musicrooms. 2011. Web. What Is Plagiarism? Plagiarism.org. n.d. Web. Williams, Rachel. â€Å"Internet Plagiarism Rising in Schools†. guardian.co.uk. 2010. Web. This essay on Plagiarism Definition and Effects was written and submitted by user Korath to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Free Essays on Alice In Wonderland

Alice In Wonderland Alice in Wonderland is a very strange story. I think that this book could have a number of hidden meanings, the most profound of these being Alice’s inner conflict with her own self identity. In this story, I assume that Alice is roughly between the ages of eight and thirteen. These in themselves, are very important years in an adolescents life. These are the pre-pubescent years. These years determine one’s identity before puberty, which in turn, set the stage for the teenage years, and then on to adulthood. In the beginning of this story, and all throughout, Alice is chasing a white rabbit down a dark and unknown hole. I perceive this, to be Alice chasing her innocent childhood into the unknown years of maturity. When Alice is first falling down the hole, she notes that it takes a while and that she has time to notice familiar things along the way, much the same way growing up is. Throughout the story this white rabbit seems to keep popping up and Alice always seems to be following it, searching it out. This goes to show she is not quite ready to give up the childhood that seems to be getting away from her. There are many times in the story where Alice eats little cakes, eats from a mushroom, and drinks a fluid from a bottle. All of these things have a profound effect on Alice’s appearance. All of these things either make her taller or shorter. Which in turn would make her weigh either more or less. This is a very big problem that all teenage girls encounter on a daily basis. Every teen and preteen girl is constantly concerned about her weight. Alice said that she was scared when she was too tall, because it scared others. This was the case with the bird that mistook her for a serpent. Alice was also scared when she was too small. This was the case when she met up with the puppy. This puppy only wanted to play with Alice, but she had to run, for fear that the dog would want to ... Free Essays on Alice In Wonderland Free Essays on Alice In Wonderland ALICE IN WONDERLAND Alice in Wonderland is a fictional story by Lewis Carroll. This book involves more then these 4 characters but these are the only ones I will be talking about. Alice is the main character and she is a young adventurous, nosey and sometimes shy young girl. She has long blonde hair and an unusual composure for a young girl, who finds herself falling down a rabbit hole. She is a bright young girl but she made many mistakes. She grows to be more confident as the story unwinds. The next character is the white rabbit. Alice’s adventures begin when she follows the white rabbit down a rabbit hole. He is a herald and a messenger at the court of the King and Queen of hearts. He carries a pocket watch through out the book; he carries this because he is very worried about being late for his very important date. If he were late, the Queen would probably have his head cut off. Another character is the Cheshire cat, possessing remarkably sharp claws and frightening sharp teeth; the Cheshire cat is courteous and helpful, despite his alarming appearance. His face is fixed in an eerie grin. He can make any and all parts of his body disappear and reappear. Alice has many conflicts with many people in this story. One of them is The Queen Of Hearts who is nasty, brutal, and loud. The Queen delights in ordering executions, although everyone seems to get pardoned in the end. The people of Wonderland are terrified of her. Although Alice initially thinks she is silly, she grows frightened of her. In the end, however, a giant-size Alice is able to stand up to the Queen's temper and her threats. Alice is sitting with her sister outdoors when she sees a White Rabbit with a pocket watch. Fascinated by him, she follows the rabbit down the hole. She falls for a long time, and finds herself in a long hallway full of doors. There is a key on the table, which unlocks a tiny door; through this door, she spots a beautiful garden. She wants to get th... Free Essays on Alice In Wonderland For my last reaction paper I have decided to read Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland which was written by Lewis Carroll. The story starts with Alice sitting outdoors with her sister when she notices a white rabbit with a pocket watch. Fascinated by the rabbit she follows it and soon finds herself falling down a hole. She then finds that she is in a long hallway full of doors. She manages to get out of the hallway by eating a piece of cake with a note that tells her to eat it. The cake made her extremely small and she managed to slip through a door. She then enters a wooded area where she bumps into many strange creatures and people. She bumps into a Caterpillar that would give her some valuable advice about Wonderland. He then gives her a mushroom that can make her grow larger and smaller as she wishes depending on what side she ate. This will become a valuable tool for Alice while she is on her adventure. While in the woods she comes across a little house and shrinks herself down enough to get inside. This is where she encounters a Duchess and the Cook battling fiercely. Alice next meets the Cheshire cat that helps her find her way through the woods, but warns her that everyone she meets will be mad. Alice enters the March Hare’s house where she is treated to a Mad Tea Party. Alice leaves the tea party and finds a tree with a door in it. This is where she started her adventure and goes through another door where she ends up in the garden of the Queen of Hearts. The Queen invites Alice to play croquet, which is a very hard game in Wonderland, as the balls and mallets are live animals. Alice soon encounters more strange creatures such as the Gryphon and the Mock Turtle. The Gryphon then drags Alice to see the trail of the Knave of Hearts. The Knave of Hearts has been accused of stealing the tarts of the Queen of Hearts. Alice is extremely upset by the proceedings and begins to grow larger until she is huge. She is ... Free Essays on Alice In Wonderland 2nd Hour The major themes of Alice in Wonderland are Identity, coming of age, and fantasy vs. reality. Throughout the book Alice goes through experiences and trials to find out who she is. Alice also questions what is true and why it is true. Lewis Carroll uses Alice in his story to explore the many things children have to learn as they grow up. Many times throughout the story Alice is asked, â€Å"Who are you?† just about ever character asks her that. â€Å"At last the Caterpillar took the hookah out of its mouth, and addressed her in a languid, sleepy voice. Who are you?† (p.40) This question confuses Alice at first and them she answers: â€Å"I-I hardly know, sir, just at present- at least I know who I was when I got up this morning, but I think I must have been changed several times since then† (p.39) Alice for the first time has questioned who she is and why is she there. The caterpillar in the story is very rude to her and doesn’t want to hear her excuses. This is also the first time Alice encounters someone who does not treat her as a little girl. She has to answer things by herself, and for the first time she is confused and doesn’t know how to answer. â€Å" I can’t explain myself, I’m afraid, sir’ said Alice ‘because I’m not myself, you s ee† (p.39) Alice decides that one possible explanation for why everything is going so strangely for her is that she has been changed into a different person overnight and that she is now experiencing someone else's reality. She wonders over whom she could possibly be if she has changed. She tries to figure out whom she is by determining what she knows and how well she remembers things she has learned. In the story Alice eats and drinks tings to change size. Many of the things she eats or drink changes her appearance. They also give her a different perception on things she encounters. After she falls into the hole she has to get through a door by drinking a mix... Free Essays on Alice in Wonderland Alice In Wonderland Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland is a novel that appeals not only to children but also to the adult. It is not a fairy tale in the traditional sense of the term. It is an experience of the mind in its process of maturing from childhood to adulthood. During the years when human beings travel through from their childhood to adulthood through adolescence, they are hardly aware of what exactly happened during the process of change. What were the factors that went into making them what they are? Does everything around us exert their influence on us? These are some of the questions that Lewis Carroll tries to answer. He makes an attempt to portray to the readers a picture of how an individual ‘changes’ and what happens in the process of ‘change’. A psychological maturing occurs when Alice finds herself alone and, at times, neglected in the Wonderland. She learns to fend for herself and realizes the need to maintain her identity at all costs. More than once, she is misunderstood by the creatures in Wonderland. It is through her eyes that the author comments on various diverse issues, like hypocrisy, greed, power, and even sexuality. Although the animals in Wonderland are recognizable cartoon figures, due to the changes in size that Alice undergoes, she reacts in fear at times when the normal human reaction would be affection. Children generally like animals. However, here, each animal signifies a human trait. Thus, Alice’s observations enable her to understand certain facts of life, like death and growth. Carroll has much to convey to his readers regarding language. While some of the "nonsense" in Alice is merely for satirical effect, certain pointed statements are really insights into human personality. Besides, since the novel is an outcome of a dream, one cannot tie up the loose ends. This is a deliberate device on the part of Carroll, for this way,... Free Essays on Alice In Wonderland Alice In Wonderland Alice in Wonderland is a very strange story. I think that this book could have a number of hidden meanings, the most profound of these being Alice’s inner conflict with her own self identity. In this story, I assume that Alice is roughly between the ages of eight and thirteen. These in themselves, are very important years in an adolescents life. These are the pre-pubescent years. These years determine one’s identity before puberty, which in turn, set the stage for the teenage years, and then on to adulthood. In the beginning of this story, and all throughout, Alice is chasing a white rabbit down a dark and unknown hole. I perceive this, to be Alice chasing her innocent childhood into the unknown years of maturity. When Alice is first falling down the hole, she notes that it takes a while and that she has time to notice familiar things along the way, much the same way growing up is. Throughout the story this white rabbit seems to keep popping up and Alice always seems to be following it, searching it out. This goes to show she is not quite ready to give up the childhood that seems to be getting away from her. There are many times in the story where Alice eats little cakes, eats from a mushroom, and drinks a fluid from a bottle. All of these things have a profound effect on Alice’s appearance. All of these things either make her taller or shorter. Which in turn would make her weigh either more or less. This is a very big problem that all teenage girls encounter on a daily basis. Every teen and preteen girl is constantly concerned about her weight. Alice said that she was scared when she was too tall, because it scared others. This was the case with the bird that mistook her for a serpent. Alice was also scared when she was too small. This was the case when she met up with the puppy. This puppy only wanted to play with Alice, but she had to run, for fear that the dog would want to ... Free Essays on Alice In Wonderland For my last reaction paper I have decided to read Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland which was written by Lewis Carroll. The story starts with Alice sitting outdoors with her sister when she notices a white rabbit with a pocket watch. Fascinated by the rabbit she follows it and soon finds herself falling down a hole. She then finds that she is in a long hallway full of doors. She manages to get out of the hallway by eating a piece of cake with a note that tells her to eat it. The cake made her extremely small and she managed to slip through a door. She then enters a wooded area where she bumps into many strange creatures and people. She bumps into a Caterpillar that would give her some valuable advice about Wonderland. He then gives her a mushroom that can make her grow larger and smaller as she wishes depending on what side she ate. This will become a valuable tool for Alice while she is on her adventure. While in the woods she comes across a little house and shrinks herself down enough to get inside. This is where she encounters a Duchess and the Cook battling fiercely. Alice next meets the Cheshire cat that helps her find her way through the woods, but warns her that everyone she meets will be mad. Alice enters the March Hare’s house where she is treated to a Mad Tea Party. Alice leaves the tea party and finds a tree with a door in it. This is where she started her adventure and goes through another door where she ends up in the garden of the Queen of Hearts. The Queen invites Alice to play croquet, which is a very hard game in Wonderland, as the balls and mallets are live animals. Alice soon encounters more strange creatures such as the Gryphon and the Mock Turtle. The Gryphon then drags Alice to see the trail of the Knave of Hearts. The Knave of Hearts has been accused of stealing the tarts of the Queen of Hearts. Alice is extremely upset by the proceedings and begins to grow larger until she is huge. She is ...

Summary of an appeal case Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Summary of an appeal case - Essay Example Second, the judge misguided the jury on the issue of consent as it implicated on the present case. Mr. Roberts developed a solution linking the judge’s decision with the fact that he deprived the appellant the Jury’s consideration whether he had a guilty mind or not. However, the sentence on each case was neither excessive nor wrong in principle. While reviewing the case, a number of particulars stand-out based on the case. The case is an aggregation of a number of cases. Although, the facts differ in the three cases, the common details in all the cases include information such as the defendant had an agreed sexual relationship with each woman. Second, all three ladies voluntarily had unprotected sex with the defendant. Third, the appellant did not inform any woman about his HIV status. Finally, all three complainants assumed that the defendant was HIV negative; therefore, exposing themselves to the risk of obtaining a sexually transmitted infection as grievous as HIV virus. Based on the courts judgement, the judge’s guidance to the jury adequately explained the correct implications to the case of the consensual contribution by each complainant’s to sexual intercourse with the appellant. The jury eventually gave the ruling that, in the case of each plaintiff, she did not willingly or cognitively agree to the risk of suffering the HIV virus. Therefore, the court will dismiss the appeal against conviction. The court reviewed its holding in the R v Dica case of informed consent as a defence resulted from limited potential conflicting public policy considerations. In the light of the public interest, the population demands the prevention of the spread of catastrophic illnesses. On the other hand, it also needs that personal freedom in the context of adult non-violent sexual associations need maintenance. By concealing any information about one’s HIV status, the subject denies the

The perspectives of Middle East World to The Crusades and their resist Essay

The perspectives of Middle East World to The Crusades and their resist process - Essay Example For the reason of the resistance, the Muslims started a strong opposing force that was very much objected to the rise of the Christian dominance in the areas of Jerusalem and other cities. In 1095 when the first crusade was held, the Christians focused on the invading the places that they counted important in their history of their religion throughout time. The Muslims in Jerusalem perceived the Christian move as an invasion that was irritating and that needed to be curbed and they raised a force that resisted the impact of the Christian crusaders. When the Christians found that the Muslims had objected to their occupation, they found that they raised a force to advance their occupation and asked for military assistance from their home countries that could help them to conquer the Muslims. On the other hand, the Muslims formed a force that had would help them to oppose the forces of the Christians and reclaim what was almost taken away from them. In the process, there were negative perspective that led to develop an enmity between the two religions within the area and this led to a constant struggle against each other (Claster, 2009). The Muslims perceived the Christians as people who wanted to impose political, economic and social impacts into the culture of the Arabs and the population of the Middle East, which had very different systems in place. The people of Middle East believed that the way the crusaders had influenced the Western Europe could happen to them if they allowed their region to be dominated by the Christians. This made the Muslims to object the move of the Christians to occupy the place they perceived as theirs and made the condition unbearable to them so that the Christians had to devise different ways that occupy the place (Claster, 2009). When some western Christians entered the Middle East, they came as merchants who had a force that threatened the

The Paradox in US-China Relations

The Paradox in US-China Relations The Paradox in the US-China Relations: A Commentary Almost a decade and half ago, one of the leading thinker and strategic expert on China; Gerald Segal prophetically described the implications of Chinese power especially in the East Asian region. He argued, â€Å"There is no more weighty uncertainty for East Asia, than the future of China. If China staggers amid leadership struggles and perhaps even disintegrates as a state, the region will fear mass migration and spreading chaos, if China forges ahead with a double digit growth, East Asia will fear the implications of Chinese power[1] Segal in the concluding remarks of his article titled, â€Å"Tying China into International System† (Survival; 1999) presented few assumptions. He foresaw that the uncontrolled economic growth in China would result in an increasing need and desire to trade with the outside world and China needs to be tied into the international system on the basis of these assumption about China’s future. One of them was a) that it will not disintegrate in chaos, will have a looser political system b) second that East Asian region will fail to develop any serious multilateralelism. There will be much talk in the region about the need to work more closely at the ASEAN and CSAP forum on the security of the region, however no real action was perceived. Surprisingly the East Asian region will have ramification of the Chinese power and the lead in dealing with China in the coming years would not be initiated by the East Asian countries. This would leave China unchallenged in the region. He a lso asserted that China would also likely to have a major long term adversarial relationship with the west. The aforementioned analysis describes some of the reality of the Chinese rise as of today. Beijing has certainly not disintegrated into chaos, through a steady projection of its influence, it has established that it is indeed a rising power and would continue to do so. The West especially the US may not have a direct adversarial relationship with China but all that is not hunky-dory in the Sino-US relationship. Interestingly this becomes evident when the trajectory of the bilateral relations is analysed at a profound level. Both the US and China are ambitious countries as far as projecting their influence is concerned. China is the only country which has directly challenged the US hegemony after Soviet Union. In the post-Cold War era of multipolarity the decline of the West (US) has also been juxtaposed with the rise of the rest (China) even by American scholars. (Zakaria; 2008). While the US was preoccupied with the global war on terror campaign and entangled itself in Iraq and Afghanistan; the People’s Republic effectively utilised this opportune moment of US occupation to its advantage by extending its international interactions and maximised its inventory of allies in the international political system. The Chinese influence in the international politics was regarded significant to such an extent that US too responded to the emerging threat discourse with an accommodating view. In a Congressional Report (2008) and the US Quadrennial Defense review (QDR-2001), the US administration was counselled to adopt ‘engagement’ as the best way to integrate China into prevailing global system. Today, China is engaging itself with the international community like never before by crafting a multitude of bilateral agreements and partnerships. Beijing has sought trade agreements, oil and gas contracts, scientific and technological cooperation, and de-facto multilateral security arrangements with countries both around its periphery and around the world such as Africa, Asia, and Latin America. It has also extracted oil and gas exploration contracts with Brazil, Ecuador, Bolivia, Colombia, Venezuela, and Cuba; and with Central Asian states such as Uzbekistan and Turkmenistan; in search to satiate its hungers for energy security International Negotiations Diplomacy The emergence of multiple centres of power in the international politics have not only declined the pre-eminence of the American power but have also made space for China to exerts it influence in various spheres such as international economy, international negotiations on significant issues such as climate change, the South East China Seas and even in the nuclear realm. On all these issues China has taken a powerful stand. For instance on the issues of currency, China maintains a low exchange rate of its currency for its economic growth. Financial experts from both US and Europe have called China to allow its currency to rise. This sentiment was resonated even by the US President himself during his first visit to China in 2009. The same year Presidents of major banks like Europen Central Bank; Jean-Claude Trichet, and Dominique Strauss-Kahn; the former managing director of the IMF have also called for a stronger yuan but China did not adjust its currency in response to a foreign pressure.[2] China has boldly stood up against the US on the issue of Climate Change too. It is referred as the world’s largest Green House Gases (GHGs) emitter and suffers from a poor record as far as environment issues are concerned. In-fact China occupies a unique position in the Climate Change negotiations. It is one of the largest emitters of Co2 but it is also a developing country and possesses a valid claim of right to further develop like the US. It is one of the major voices in the Climate Change talks and some experts has suggested that it was China that blocked the last Copenhagen (2009) talks by asking for an appalling deal such that western leaders can walk away and thus creating a stalemate. At the Copenhagen it not only insisted on removing the binding targets for itself but also for other countries.[3] The strange power play by the Chinese delegation can also be viewed as an effort to weaken the Climate Change regulation regime. Very recently the UN Climate Summit at New York was concluded in which both the US and China seems to have agreed on reaching an agreement on reducing emission from 26 to 28 percent for the United State by 2025 and China to reach the emissions warming peak by 2030 or earlier[4]. Being a top emitter of Co2 China’s budge towards a substantial position on emission cuts ; only after the US has promised to take a step ahead on emission reflects nothing but geopolitics manifesting at the negotiation table. Nuclear Relations A similar Chinese behaviour of pushing the US to do its bit first can also be seen in the realm of nuclear security as well. Nuclear capability symbolises power in international politics. While China is far away from matching the US inventory of nuclear weapons, it cannot be ignored that being the only P-5 that is increasing its nuclear arsenal; China’s potential in influencing the nuclear debate at the international multilateral forum remains strong. It is interesting to note here that the official Chinese position on nuclear arms race is that, â€Å" the nuclear-weapon states with the biggest stockpiles should undertake special responsibility for nuclear disarmament and take lead in reducing their nuclear arsenals and delivery systems,†[5] China expects the US to first pave way for the other nuclear-weapon states to join the nuclear disarmament process. Furthermore the 2013 nuclear notebook of the Bulletin of Atomic Scientists describes the Chinese nuclear capability as growing slowly and increasing in capability. Many in the US presume that the growing Chinese nuclear capability especially the long range missiles which includes as many as many as 60 LRBMs can reach some portion of the United States. In-fact according to the US intelligence community prediction by the mid-2020s, China could have more than 100 missiles capable of threatening the US.[6] In-fact the American experts for nuclear issues believe that there is a need to maintain a long term stability in the US-China nuclear relations even though the nuclear dynamics between the two countries are relatively stable at the present. The exponents of such idea have based their judgement on the US concerns about the Chinese expansion of the quality and quantity of its nuclear arsenal. The analysis of US-China nuclear relations by the working group reveals a possible intensification of strategic arms race between the two countries. This might manifest in increasing the uncertainties about the nuclear deterrence and thus crisis management between the two must take effect. In-fact it is advised to the US government to take up informal ways to shape China’s nuclear decision making.[7] Geopolitical Ends at the Asia Pacific Region The current Chinese Ambassador to the US; John Kerry in his remarks described the bilateral relations as â€Å"the most important as well as the most sensitive, the most comprehensive as well as the most complex, and the most promising as well as the most challenging †[8] and referred it as the most consequential one determining the shape of the 21st century world. While officials from the White House have diversified adjectives to describe beautifully the US-China synergies, they have also acknowledged the difference the two countries have a two distinguished countries. Moreover, these two distinguished countries also have comparable power interests in the same geographical entity called the Asian Pacific region. For both the countries the region is a crucial one and the most promising as far as security is concerned. The US has blatantly announced its pivot to Asia Pacific in order to execute its rebalancing strategy. One must reckon that in the recent years China too has started looking at the region more prominently. The US has categorically announced its reservations on the Chinese assertive foreign policy behaviour in the South and East China Seas region. Even though the US is not directly related to any of the South China Sea dispute; the United States maintains a strong position on the Chinese claims on the South China Sea Vis-a-Vis claims of other littoral states. The South-China Sea region is a strategic pass way containing critical sea lanes of communications. It is also a region through which half of the world’s oil transport passes through. The sea connects the Pacific Ocean with the Indian Ocean it has utility for major naval power. It must be reckon that the United States considers itself as a influential player in the Asian Pacific region and it has sustained its pre-eminence over this region for over six decades. [9]The region not only has a symbolic utility for the United States but it is also practically being used as a transit point and an operating area for its Navy and Air Force to shuttle between the military bases in Asia the Indian Ocean and Persian Gulf. Similarly on the East China Sea, the similarity of ambitions and the difference in policy approaches towards the region also appear to be clear. Very recently the US deepened its commitment to the East Asian region and invited Japan and Australia for a military co-operation towards collectively working on strengthening maritime security in the Asia-Pacific region. It is noteworthy that in the same platform revealed President Obama’s subtle hint to China that aggressive acts on territorial disputes concerning the region might, â€Å"spiral into a confrontation†.[10] In addition to this President Obama categorically conveyed his idea of an effective security order in Asia that ought to be based on alliances of mutual security and driven by international norms and laws instead of spheres of influences or driven by acts of intimidation of big nations ( such as China)[11] Cyber Space It is a known fact that the United States was the progenitor of what we know today as the world wide web/internet. The internet owes its birth to the US Department of Defense in the 1960’s where it was developed and used for defence communication. Today the commercialised internet has grown so big and forms part of much bigger virtual domain known as cyber space. This cyber space in its totality is, practically out of a complete control of one singular country let alone the United States, which ironically gave birth to it. The cyber space has escalated itself in international politics as a powerful domain. It is regarded as one of the battle domain for future wars among countries. China is notorious for practicing all forms of cyber theft, hacking, cyber terrorism, etc. towards the United States. China is an increasingly growing player in the Cyber security realm. It is the only Asian country with one of the most internet users, which is state controlled. While the domestic environment of China’s internet is largely defined as strict; externally China is identified by the United States as real cyber threat for other countries. According to the US reports on China uses cyber warfare for data gathering, to constrain an adversary’s effective communications etc.[12] United States has suffered the most out of these evil intentions of China. Many instances of cyber-attacks such as ‘Titan Rain’ from China have been reported. In-fact it was revealed in 2004-2005 that the Chinese hackers have compromised the computers of NASA and other military and technological centres across the United States. Not only have the Chinese denied all these allegations as baseless, but have also refused to cooperate with the American investigations. The White House has recognised cyber security as linked to America’s economic prosperity national security, and individual liberties. Indeed the cyber space touches the American lives closely on a daily basis and to safeguard the security in this realm, the US has been evolving a policy to shape the future Cyber security regime. It starts from domestic ownership of critical infrastructure combined with an improved reporting of incident and response. Since the Cyber domain involves virtually all countries with no boundaries any cyber policy would only be effective if international partners are engaged effectively. Under this context the co-opting of China becomes really critical. The United States seeks to build a consensus based approach as far as implementing international cyber norms are concerned[13]. The American concern for the on growing Chinese Cyber warfare capabilities appears evident from the statement of a former US Defense Secretary; Leon Panetta two years ago have reiterated the need for both the countries to work together in the realm of cyber security as both of them have developed technological capabilities in this arena to a great extent. [14] Concluding Observations: China too has registered its presence as influential players in the international politics. Interestingly it has raised concerns in the US about its ramifications upon the American goal of sustaining its pre-eminence. Indeed China continues to ameliorate its presence in the strategic calculus of the US almost daily with the American strategic narrative painted with the shades of Sino-US Strategic partnership, competition, bilateral ties, cooperation etc. There are number of American experts such as Selig Harrison, Aron Friedberg, David Lampton etc who have predicted a rise of a peer competitor in Beijing especially bearing in mind the Chinese power influence in the Asian region. These experts have categorically highlighted the prospects of a regional threat to the US from China. The China watchers in the US; even after a decade have analysed that China would look outward as its foreign policy ambitions are as aggressive as the United States. [15] The US views on China could be assessed from various perspectives such as realist and liberal and each lens is likely to put forward a conflicting rudimentary divide between the two countries. This is clear from the analysis of former Deputy Assistant for National Security Affairs; Aron Friedberd and even the greatest practitioner of diplomacy in America; Henry Kissinger himself. While Friedberg argues that both countries have locked themselves in an increasingly intense struggles for power and influence; Kissinger have put forward his advice to the US in dealing with China and have insisted that both sides should be open to convincing of each other’s activities as a normal part of international life. He further argued that, â€Å"the inevitable tendency to impinge on each other should not be equated with a conscious drive to contain or dominate†[16] The US-China interaction in international politics cover so many arenas that is has become rather tricky for scholars to identify one set of variable to describe the bilateral relations that both share. In the most recent times the labels for US-China relations have ranged from business-partnership, strategic partnership, strategic competitors and even Sino-US cold confrontation.[17] Finally, the graph of US- China relation s that started officially with the US Secretary’s ‘open door’ notes have fluctuated from being estranged countries to strategic partnership and today have become the one of the most significant bilateral relations defining the shape of the international politics. A saying about history suggests that it repeats itself. It is ironical that several decades ago the United States was driven to China for trade prospects so much so that; the Chinese silk, tea can be credited with bringing the first set of millionaires in America. The American fascination for the oriental products dates back to the year 1784 when a commercial (US flagged) vessel ‘Empress of China’[18] sailed the Chinese seas. It was the trade issues that normalised the US-China relation during the 1970’s. While the US cut the Chinese melon into sphere of influence for economic benefits, today it is the American markets flooded with Chinese goods . Moreover, it is the American ‘Apple’ that is now reverse engineered in China. The United States in the first part of its relationship with China dominated the terms but today China has turn the dynamic of relations into a partnership. It may not be incorrect to suggest that history indeed might be repeating itself in reverse. [1] Segal Gerald, (1999) â€Å"Tying China Into International System†, Survival, Vol.37, No 2, p .60 [2]â€Å"Chinas Exchange-Rate Policy: A Yuan-Sided Argument† 19 November 2009, The Economist, at http://www.economist.com/node/14921327 , accessed on 21 November 2014 [3] Mark Lynas, â€Å"How Do I Know China Wrecked The Copenhagen Deal? I Was In the Room†, The Guardian, December 22 2009 , at http://www.theguardian.com/environment/2009/dec/22/copenhagen-climate-change-mark-lynas, accessed on November 25, 2014 [4]Laura Barron-Lopez, November14 2014, â€Å" US Climate Envoy: China Deal Boosts Paris Talks, But Uncertainty Remains† The Hill, at http://thehill.com/policy/energy-environment/225206-us-climate-envoy-china-deal-boosted-paris-talks-but-uncertainty , accessed on 24 November 2014 [5] â€Å"Chinas Contributions To Nuclear Disarmament†, Ministry of Foreign Affairs, à £Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ £Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ £Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ £Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ £Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ £Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ £Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ £Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ £Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ £Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€š ¬Peoples Republic Of China, at http://www.china.org.cn/e-caijun/e-caijun1.htm, accessed on December 1, 2014 [6] Hans M. Kristensen and Robert S. Norris, (2013), â€Å"The Chinese Nuclear Forces†, Bulletin of Atomic Scientists, Vol. 69, No. 6, pp. 79-85 and Hans M. Kristensen and Robert S. Norris, (2014) â€Å" US Nuclear Forces, 2014, Bulletin of Atomic Scientist, Vol. 7, No. 1, pp.85-93 [7] John K. Warden, Elbridge Colby Abraham Denmark, (201p, â€Å" Nuclear Weapons and US-China Relations: A Way Forward† Report by PONI by a Working Group on US-China Nuclear Dynamics, Centre for Strategic and International Studies [8] John Kerry, 4 November 2014, Remarks on U.S.-China Relations, at http://www.state.gov/secretary/remarks/2014/11/233705.htm, accessed on 23 November 2014 [9] Hina Pandey, (2011), â€Å" Recent Developments in the South China Sea: US China Confrontation†, World Focus ,pp. 261-268 [10] [11] Jamie Smyth, (2014), â€Å"US, Japan and Australia to Deepen Alliance† The Financial Times, at http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/3a34e028-6cb3-11e4-b125-00144feabdc0.html#axzz3KuFyTEkN, accessed on 3 December 2014 [12] E. Dilipraj, (2014), â€Å"Mapping the Cyber Dragon: China’s Conduct of Terror in the Cyber World†, Defence and Diplomacy, Vol.3, No.4, July- September, pp. 85-97. [13] Cybersecurity, 4 December 2014, at http://www.whitehouse.gov/issues/foreign-policy/cybersecurity , accessed on 4 December , 2014 [14]  David Alexander, (2012), â€Å"US- China Must Work to Avoid Cyber Conflict: Panetta†, Reuters, at http://www.reuters.com/article/2012/05/08/net-us-usa-china-defense-idUSBRE84700Q20120508 , accessed on 4 December 2014 [15] Selig Harrison, (2000), â€Å"China And The US in Asia: The Threat Perception in Asia† cited in â€Å" China’s Future: Constructive Partner or Emerging Threat† in Carpenter and James A. Don, CATO Institute, pp.109. and Robert Kaplan, (2010),â€Å"The Geography Of The Chinese Power: How Far Can Beijing Reach On Land And At Sea?† Foreign Affairs, May/June 2010 [16] Friedberg L. Aaron, â€Å"The Future of U.S. China Relations: Is conflict inevitable?† ,International Security, Vol. 30, No. 2, Fall 2005, pp7-45 and Henry A. Kissinger,(2012) â€Å"The Future of US-Chinese Relations: Conflict Is a Choice, Not a Necessity†, Foreign Affairs, Vol.91, No.2, p.44 [17] Chintamani Mahapatra (2014), â€Å"US-China Cold Confrontation: New Paradigm of Asian Security†, Institute for Peace and Conflict Studies, at http://www.ipcs.org/article/us-south-asia/us-china-cold-confrontation-new-paradigm-of-asian-security-4333.html , accessed on 1 August 2014 [18] Song Yuwu (2009), Empress, â€Å"Encyclopedia of Sino-US Relations,† McFarland Co., p. 99.